Najim, K., Rusnák, A., Mészáros, A., Fikar, M.: Constrained Long-Range Predictive Control Based on Artificial Neural Networks. Int. J. Systems Science, 28 (12), 1211 - 1226, 1997.

This paper presents a long-range predictive control strategy using artificial neural networks (ANN). Both unconstrained and constrained control problems are considered. In this control scheme a recurrent ANN and a multilayer feedforward ANN are used. The recurrent ANN is used as a multi-step ahead predictor. For training this network the backpropagation through the time is used. The control action is provided by the multilayer feedforward ANN which uses the predictions of the output of the process to be controlled. The weights of this ANN are estimated at each control step using a stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm by minimizing a quadratic control objective which is based on a series of the future predictions and future control actions, and by preventing violations of process constraints. To demonstrate the feasibility and the performance of this control scheme, a continuous biochemical reactor is chosen as a realistic non-linear case study. Simulation results demonstrate the usefulness and the robustness of this predictive control algorithm.